Location
Southeastern Asia, peninsula bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam

Geographic coordinates
2 30 N, 112 30 E

Area
total: 329,750 sq km
land: 328,550 sq km
water: 1,200 sq km

Land boundaries
total: 2,669 km
border countries: Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km

Coastline
4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607 km)

Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; specified boundary in the South China Sea

Climate
tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons
Penang Climate and Weather
Penang has an equatorial climate which is uniformly warm and humid throughout the year. The average minimum and maximum temperatures range from 23 C to 32 C. There are no recognisable hot or cold seasons as such and the mean annual rainfall of approximately 267cm is evenly distributed throughout the year, although September to November may be considered the wettest months.